.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15 .\" Wed May 5 11:41:29 2004 .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ====================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp .ne 5 .PP \fB\\$1\fR .PP .. .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Ip \" List item .br .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 .el .ne 3 .IP "\\$1" \\$2 .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a .\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used .\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and .\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<> .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' 'br\} .\" .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr .\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and .\" index entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process .\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . nr % 0 . rr F .\} .\" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. 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Interchange pages are not kept in normal \s-1HTML\s0 space. Look in the catalog subdirectory pages. The pages are always filtered through the Interchange daemon before being delivered. .Sh "Where are the images?" .IX Subsection "Where are the images?" Interchange is a \s-1CGI\s0 program, and if relative image paths are used, \&\s-1IMG\s0 tags like the following will occur: .PP <\s-1IMG\s0 SRC=\*(L"/cgi-bin/simple/../whatever.jpg\*(R"> .PP Interchange, by default, uses an ImageDir for a prefix. In the demo, image specs that have no absolute path information are prefixed with /simple/images/. .PP In an Interchange page, this tag: .PP .Vb 1 \& .Ve will become this: .PP .Vb 1 \& .Ve This tag: .PP .Vb 1 \& .Ve will become this: .PP .Vb 1 \& .Ve Absolute image paths are not affected. An image such as /other/images/whatever.gif will not be changed. .SH "INSTALLATION" .IX Header "INSTALLATION" .Sh "Configuration Problems" .IX Subsection "Configuration Problems" Most Interchange configuration and setup problems are due to one of the following: .Ip "Wrong information given to makecat program." 4 .IX Item "Wrong information given to makecat program." \&\fBThis is by far the most common problem.\fR To install a working demo, Interchange needs to know what the DocumentRoot is and how to run \&\s-1CGI\s0 programs. Details of this setup are server- and site-specific, which may require some research. .Sp Re-run the configuration again, and pay close attention to the prompts given. There are examples given which apply to most systems. .Sp If the web server is Apache or \s-1NCSA\s0, Interchange will try and parse its httpd.conf file to help you along, but many ISPs don't allow users to read these and it may fail. .Ip "Too-low version of Perl." 4 .IX Item "Too-low version of Perl." If you have a Perl earlier than 5.005, Interchange will not work. Don't even try an earlier version. .Ip "Perl compiled with \s-1USE_THREADS\s0." 4 .IX Item "Perl compiled with USE_THREADS." Run perl \-V. If you see \-DUSE_THREADS in the compilation definition, you might run into problems with Interchange. .Sp \&\fB\s-1NOTE\s0\fR: You cannot run the Interchange software as root. .PP If you are setting Interchange up for the entire machine, and not just as a virtual host user, it is usual to create a special interch user to run the daemon and the link program. This means the directory listing for your cgi-bin should be something like: .PP .Vb 1 \& -rwsr-xr-x 1 interchange users 6312 Dec 30 11:39 cgi-bin/simple .Ve and for the socket file it should be: .PP .Vb 1 \& srw------- 1 interchange users 0 Dec 30 11:41 etc/socket .Ve Once you have set up the software, you can easily install catalogs as root \fBas long as your umask is set to 2 or 22\fR. .PP (The following assumes you have made the Interchange software owned and run by the special user interchange and that each user has a Interchange catalogs directory /home/user/catalogs). .PP The best way to set permissions on a multi-user system is to make all files group readable and writable (660 or 664 mode). If you have a system setup that places each user in their own group, make interchange a member of each user's group and set ownership and permissions with: .PP .Vb 3 \& find /home/user/catalogs -print | xargs chown user \& find /home/user/catalogs -print | xargs chgrp user \& find /home/user/catalogs -print | xargs chmod g+rw .Ve For best results, set the user's default umask to 2, so that they will, by default, create files that have the proper permissions. If you have all users in the same group, the above is not secure. You should put interchange in a group of which no user is a member (perhaps interchange would be a good choice) and set all files owned by the group interchange and all directories to mode 2770: .PP This will make files default to the proper group when created (on most \&\s-1UNIX\s0 versions, anyway). .PP .Vb 4 \& find /home/user/catalogs -print | xargs chown user \& find /home/user/catalogs -print | xargs chgrp interchange \& find /home/user/catalogs -print | xargs chmod g+rw \& find /home/user/catalogs -type d -print | xargs chmod g+s .Ve If you are on a virtual hosting system, the procedure varies. Making the program setuid should work for most systems. If your setup uses \&\s-1CGI-WRAP\s0 or another setuid scheme, it should still work. However, you may have to unset the setuid bit with chmod u-s cgi-bin/simple or the like. If you have a non-standard \s-1CGI\s0 setup, as some virtual host systems do, you will need to know something about \s-1UNIX\s0 and the web or engage a consultant to properly set up the paths. Usually switching to \&\s-1TLINK/INET\s0 mode is the easiest thing to do, though with Iserver and a few others it may take more than that. .PP If you used the makecat program to build the catalog, it should have warned you if it was not able to make the link program setuid. To set the program (in the file cgi-bin/simple in this example) to be setuid, use the command: .PP .Vb 1 \& chmod u+s cgi-bin/simple .Ve .Sh "Error \*(-- the Interchange server was not running..." .IX Subsection "Error the Interchange server was not running..." This indicates that the link \s-1CGI\s0 is not communicating with the Interchange server. \fBImportant note:\fR The server should always be started by the same user \s-1ID\s0 which owns the suid vlink program. (This does not apply to \s-1TLINK/INET\s0 mode.) .PP The server must be running, first of all. If you didn't start it, you can do so by going to the Interchange home directory and typing: .PP .Vb 1 \& bin/interchange -restart .Ve You can check to see if your server is running by typing: .PP .Vb 2 \& Linux, BSD: ps -ax | grep interchange \& Most other systems: ps -elf | grep interchange .Ve \&\fBNote: \fRSolaris and \s-1IRIX\s0 truncate the string, and don't allow setting of the \f(CW$0\fR parameter. You may have to grep for 'perl' instead. .PP If the server is not running, it may have failed due to another process occupying the \s-1TCP\s0 socket 7786. If using \s-1VLINK\s0, try starting Interchange with start \-u, which will not monitor the internet-domain socket. .PP If \s-1VLINK\s0 is not communicating with the server, there are a number of possible reasons. First, if you are trying to run Interchange on an \&\s-1ISP\s0, go to the section about \s-1ISP\s0 problems. It is probably one of those. If you are running Interchange on a single machine, it is probably one of: .PP .Vb 2 \& 1. Permissions problems \& 2. Interchange on NFS-mounted file system .Ve Check the error_log file for your \s-1HTTP\s0 server \*(-- it will almost always tell you what the problem is, unless there is a simple permissions problem. .PP Permissions are easy. If starting Interchange like this works: .PP .Vb 1 \& interchange -r SocketPerms=666 .Ve then you have a socket permission problem. Try restarting interchange without the above adjustment of SocketPerms=666, and then try accessing it again with each of these mode changes: .PP .Vb 2 \& chmod u+s cgi-bin/storename \& chmod u-s cgi-bin/storename .Ve .Vb 1 \& cgi-bin/storename = path to your executable .Ve If neither of those work, either the \s-1UID\s0 the program is owned by is wrong, or your \s-1HTTP\s0 server is interfering in some fashion. If you are running Interchange on an NFS-mounted file system, it cannot run in server mode because UNIX-domain sockets don't work on \s-1NFS\s0. You will need to change to static mode from server mode, or better yet, put Interchange on a file system that is directly mounted. .PP You can use Interchange in \s-1INET\s0 mode along with the tlink.c program to allow running across \s-1NFS\s0 boundaries. If you have not changed the configured defaults, and still it will not communicate, you should try setting the \s-1LINK_HOST\s0 and \s-1LINK_PORT\s0 directives in tlink.c and recompiling. .Sh "I get messages like 'Config.pm not found.' What does it mean?" .IX Subsection "I get messages like 'Config.pm not found.' What does it mean?" This means your Perl is not properly installed, or that Interchange is not using the proper Perl binary. On \s-1UNIX\s0, try reinstalling Interchange and using the standard Perl installation sequence: .PP .Vb 4 \& /complete/path/to/proper/perl Makefile.PL \& make \& make test \& make install .Ve Otherwise, contact your system administrator. .Sh "Can't locate lib.pm in \f(CW@INC\fP. \s-1BEGIN\s0 failed\*(--compilation aborted." .IX Subsection "Can't locate lib.pm in @INC. BEGIN failedcompilation aborted." Again, your Perl is not properly installed. Someone has put a Perl up on your system, then either moved or removed the library directory. Contact your system administrator and request that Perl be re-installed. .Sh "Segmentation fault or other core dump." .IX Subsection "Segmentation fault or other core dump." If this happens when you run the Interchange test or server, it is always Perl that has a problem. Not sometimes, always. A proper Perl should never have a segmentation violation, period. And it should not dump core (unless you passed it a \-u option somehow). .PP You will need to either update Perl or report the bug to the proper personnel. Depending on your situation and technical ability, this may be your system admin, \s-1ISP\s0, or the Perl porters. .Sh "Configuring catalog whatever...Use of uninitialized value at Config.pm line 1614, <\s-1CONFIG\s0> chunk 322." .IX Subsection "Configuring catalog whatever...Use of uninitialized value at Config.pm line 1614, chunk 322." This is a warning from Perl indicating that an empty value was found where one is expected. The warning is left in so that you know that something is missing. Whatever it is, it can be found at the specified \&\*(L"chunk,\*(R" or line, of catalog.cfg. If you use the include capability, it would have to be factored in as well. .PP The usual reason is that a file is specified in one of the directives (usually one of Help, SearchProfile, OrderProfile, Buttonbars, or UpsZoneFile) and does not exist. See the documentation for the directive on how the file name should be specified. .Sh "Why isn't the above error more enlightening?" .IX Subsection "Why isn't the above error more enlightening?" Because Perl won't tell us what exactly went wrong. See its \s-1FAQ\s0 for why. .Sh "\s-1XXXXXX\s0.pm does not match executable version." .IX Subsection "XXXXXX.pm does not match executable version." This is a Perl which does not have the right Perl library installed. It usually results from a naive system administrator who thinks they can bypass the 'make install' for Perl and just copy the Perl binary or directories. .PP If you installed Bundle::Interchange locally in your Interchange directory, it may mean that your system administrator updated Perl and failed to select the binary compatibility option. .Sh "Can I run Interchange on the Macintosh or Windows?" .IX Subsection "Can I run Interchange on the Macintosh or Windows?" Interchange will not run on a MacOS 7, 8, or 9 operating system. It will run on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X and other PowerPC Unix variants. .PP Interchange's *files* can be manipulated by any computer. As long as uploads/downloads of database source, pages, and configuration files are done in \s-1ASCII\s0 mode, there is no reason why they can't be edited on a Mac. And with MySQL or other \s-1ODBC\s0 databases on your UNIX-based \s-1ISP\s0, you can even directly interface to the database you use with Interchange provided you have the scarce \s-1ODBC\s0 middleware needed for the Mac. .PP Interchange can be run on Windows with the Cygwin tool set (1.3.2 or higher) available from http://www.cygwin.com/, but there are numerous anomalies and it may be difficult to get operating reliably. It is never recommended that you run a production catalog on a Windows system; if you do get it working you should only use for catalog development. .Sh "Error \*(-- 'make: command not found'" .IX Subsection "Error 'make: command not found'" The error is caused when the system you are installing on does not have the program called \*(L"make\*(R". It is recommended that you install make as well as a C compiler (\*(L"cc\*(R" or \*(L"gcc\*(R") for the installation of Interchange. If you are unsure of how to do this for your operating system, it may help to ask a mailing list related to your operating system. .Sh "Templates aren't showing, only the center content of the page itself" .IX Subsection "Templates aren't showing, only the center content of the page itself" Example question: \*(L"All that's showing up is the center section of the template. This happened after _\|__\|_: (moving my site to a new host, or uploading a new catalog.cfg or theme.cfg file, or restarting interchange).\*(R" .PP This can happen if: .Ip "\(bu" 4 The files were uploaded in binary instead of \s-1ASCII\s0 (when using \s-1FTP\s0) .Ip "\(bu" 4 Windows-style carriage returns were put in the file by a windows editor or file transfer program .PP From unix, do an octal dump on some of the files to see if you have cr chars: .PP .Vb 2 \& od -a templates/foundation/theme.cfg | grep cr \&od -a catalog.cfg | grep cr .Ve If something appears on the screen, then your file needs to be cleaned. Among the other 10\-million ways to clean it, here is one: .PP .Vb 1 \& perl -pi -e 's/\er\en/\en/g' < old_file.cfg > new_file.cfg .Ve Also, if you are using \s-1FTP\s0 to transfer the files from a Windows machine, try using \s-1ASCII\s0 mode instead of binary mode. .if n .Sh "When I try to install the \s-1RPM\s0, I get ""failed dependencies"" errors" .el .Sh "When I try to install the \s-1RPM\s0, I get ``failed dependencies'' errors" .IX Subsection "When I try to install the RPM, I get "failed dependencies errors" There are two easy solutions to this problem: .Ip "\(bu" 4 Install the modules manually, then use the \-\-nodeps \s-1RPM\s0 option. .Sp perl \-MCPAN \-e \*(L"install Bundle::Interchange\*(R" .Ip "\(bu" 4 Install \s-1RPM\s0 modules to satisfy the dependencies. Some modules are available from http://ftp.icdevgroup.org/perl/ while others can be found on rpmfind.net. .SH "SSL problems" .IX Header "SSL problems" .Sh "Shopping cart is dropped when using \s-1SSL\s0." .IX Subsection "Shopping cart is dropped when using SSL." If you are using a separate secure and non-secure domain, this is due to the cookies from the user not matching as well as the session \s-1ID\s0 not being able to be transferred due to differing source \s-1IP\s0 addresses. .Ip "" 4 \&\fB\s-1NOTE\s0\fR: Interchange does not support this configuration. You may be able to get it to work in some circumstances, but it is not supported. See the next set of questions for help on how you may be able to get it to work to some extent in your configuration. It will not work in every circumstance with every feature. .PP This is sometimes due to the HostnameLookups (Stronghold/Apache parameter) not matching for the two servers, secure and non-secure. It can also be caused by the user having different web proxy addresses for \s-1HTTP\s0 and \s-1HTTPS\s0. If it still does not work, try changing some of the appropriate configuration parameters in interchange.cfg: .PP .Vb 2 \& DomainTail No \& IpHead Yes .Ve If you still are having problems, try this combination in catalog.cfg, the catalog configuration file: .PP .Vb 2 \& SessionExpire 10 minutes \& WideOpen Yes .Ve The above setting will typically make Interchange work when it is possible to work. Sometimes when you have multiple Interchange servers sharing the same secure server, you will have problems after accessing the second one. (The first one issues a session \s-1ID\s0 cookie, and that causes problems). .Sh "I have a different secure server domain. Why does the shopping cart get dropped?" .IX Subsection "I have a different secure server domain. Why does the shopping cart get dropped?" First of all, it is questionable business practice to not certify your secure server. Besides violating the terms of use of many certificate issuers, customers notice the changed domain and it is proven by user surveys and long experience that you will receive fewer orders as a result. Certs can be obtained for \f(CW$125\fR \s-1US\s0 per year, less than the typical cost of one hour of a top consultant's time. Do your business a favor \*(-- spend the money to get a cert. .PP If you insist on doing it anyway, probably driven by the fact that you need a dedicated \s-1IP\s0 address for a secure server, you can use the solutions in the previous \s-1FAQ\s0 question and get some relief. .PP But by far the best way is to have all orders and shopping cart calls go only to the secure domain. Your users may get a different session when browsing the non-secure catalog pages, but it will matter little. .PP To do this on the Foundation demo, place in catalog.cfg: .PP AlwaysSecure order ord/basket ord/checkout .PP A more complete list might be: .PP .Vb 18 \& AlwaysSecure <Order it .PP To make a form-based order button secure, use \*(L"[process secure=1]\*(R" as the \s-1ACTION\s0. .Sh "My images aren't there on the secure server!!!" .IX Subsection "My images aren't there on the secure server!!!" You have a different document root, or the permissions are not such that you can access them. You can set a different base \s-1URL\s0 for images with: .PP .Vb 1 \& ImageDirSecure https://your.secure.server/somewhere/images .Ve Don't try to set it to an http:// \s-1URL\s0 \*(-- images will be broken anyway. .Sh "My secure pages fail when the browser is \s-1MSIE\s0." .IX Subsection "My secure pages fail when the browser is MSIE." \&\s-1MSIE\s0 has several \s-1SSL\s0 bugs, particularly in V5.01. See the Apache-SSL or mod_ssl \s-1FAQ\s0. You can sometimes fix this with an httpd.conf change: .PP SetEnvIf User-Agent \*(L".*MSIE.*\*(R" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown .SH "ISP Problems" .IX Header "ISP Problems" The great majority of ISPs provide some \s-1CGI\s0 service, and more and more run systems that are compatible with Interchange. The new catalog configurator for Interchange makes setup much easier. A word of warning: if you chose your \s-1ISP\s0 mostly on price, you can expect problems. The low-cost providers typically have heavily-loaded machines and many domains. The more domains and the more load the unhappier you will be with Interchange. Interchange works best on a fast machine with plenty of memory. .PP A few Internet Service Provider (\s-1ISP\s0) systems still have difficulty with one or the other aspect of running Interchange. A few cannot (or will not) run Interchange at all. On top of that, many times \s-1ISP\s0 personnel are too busy to help, won't help, or don't know enough to help. Some are secretive about details of the setup of their systems. .PP All in all, you can have a fair amount of confidence that your \s-1ISP\s0 can run Interchange. Or, you can get one who will. 8\-) .Sh "No shell access allowed on my \s-1ISP\s0." .IX Subsection "No shell access allowed on my ISP." Generally it is a waste of time to try to use Interchange without shell access. .Sh "We're sorry, the Interchange server is unavailable..." .IX Subsection "We're sorry, the Interchange server is unavailable..." (The following assumes that you were able to start the Interchange server.) .PP This could be almost anything, but with a properly configured Interchange it is almost undoubtedly due to your cgi-bin and/or your Interchange directory being located on a different filesystem than the actua machine that is executing the program. \s-1VLINK\s0 uses UNIX-domain sockets, which don't work on NFS-mounted filesystems. .PP Iserver.com and other systems which use chroot \s-1HTTP\s0 servers require quite a bit of extra configuration to get going. If you have not been careful to set permissions properly when running in \s-1VLINK/UNIX\s0 mode, the link \s-1CGI\s0 will not be able to communicate with the Interchange server. Please read the documentation that covers this in detail. .PP You can run in \s-1INET\s0 mode with the tlink link program to prevent those problems. .Sh "Document contains no data or premature end of script headers (especially on \s-1BSDI\s0 or FreeBSD)." .IX Subsection "Document contains no data or premature end of script headers (especially on BSDI or FreeBSD)." This usually means that your \s-1HTTP\s0 server ran out of resources during the execution of the link program. It couldn't create more sockets, is unable to create a process, or can't open any more files. .PP This usually happens in frames catalogs, when Interchange is sending more than one page simultaneously. And even more especially on FreeBSD and \s-1BSDI\s0, which are often distributed with the kernel parameters \&\s-1SOMAXCONN\s0 and \s-1CHILD_MAX\s0 set to levels unsuitable for serving the web. .PP Go to and try searching for \s-1MAXUSERS\s0. This should give you plenty of pointers on how to set these parameters properly. .Sh "Interchange server only runs for a while, then dies." .IX Subsection "Interchange server only runs for a while, then dies." Many ISPs don't allow your user \s-1ID\s0 to run a program unless it is logged in! The moment a watchdog program notices a daemon running with a non-logged-in \s-1UID\s0, it terminates the program. Or, it terminates programs that haven't been active for \s-1XX\s0 minutes. Contact your \s-1ISP\s0 about this. They may be able to do something for you. .Sh "My entire home directory is in \s-1HTML\s0 document space." .IX Subsection "My entire home directory is in HTML document space." If working with an \s-1ISP\s0 where all of the files are in \s-1HTML\s0 document space, disable all access to the Interchange catalog directory with the proper \s-1HTTP\s0 access restrictions. Normally that is done by creating a .htaccess file like this: .PP .Vb 4 \& \& order allow,deny \& deny from all \& .Ve If unable to do this, do not run Interchange unless file permissions can be set such that files will not be served. However, security will be a problem and customers' personal information could be placed at risk. .SH "SYSTEM CONFIGURATION" .IX Header "SYSTEM CONFIGURATION" .Sh "Can I run multiple catalogs on one server?" .IX Subsection "Can I run multiple catalogs on one server?" Yes. Interchange supports multiple independent catalogs. There are users who run more than 500 catalogs on a single machine. The capacity is usually a function of how busy the catalogs are and how much memory and processor speed your system has. .Sh "How do I start Interchange when I reboot?" .IX Subsection "How do I start Interchange when I reboot?" Use the standard facility on your operating system. For BSD-style systems, the file is usually called rc.local (in the /etc directory). .PP On \s-1SVR4\s0 systems, it is quite a bit more complex. Look for the /etc/rc.d directory and see what other programs do. Often the file is called S99startup or something similar. .PP \&\fBImportant note:\fR Interchange must not run as root, which is the user identity that the startup file executes. (Interchange will refuse to start if executed as root.) The technique to start up depends on the facility of your \fIsu\fR\|(1) command. This should work on most operating systems: .PP .Vb 3 \& su interchange < '0', \& price_group => 'general', \& mv_ib => 'products', \& code => 'os28080', \& quantity => '1', \& }, \& { \& mv_ip => '1', \& price_group => 'general', \& mv_ib => 'products', \& code => 'os28080', \& size => 'L', \& color => 'black', \& quantity => '1', \& }, \& ] .Ve Each key of the hash is an attribute. There are a number of special attributes: .PP .Vb 12 \& Attribute Description \& code The item SKU \& sku The SKU of the base item (in the case of matrix options) \& mv_ip The line number of the shopping cart (minus 1) \& mv_ib The database table the product was ordered from \& quantity The number on order \& group The order group for a master item or subitem \& mv_si Subitem indicator \& mv_mi Master item code \& mv_mp Modular item \& mv_price Price of the item (to directly set pricing) \& mv_order_route Special order route for this item .Ve Any attribute besides the above is a product \fIoption\fR or \fImodifier\fR, and can be displayed with [item-modifier attribute_name]. .SH "ENCRYPTION" .IX Header "ENCRYPTION" .Sh "\s-1PGP\s0 encryption \*(-- Server Error" .IX Subsection "PGP encryption Server Error" As always, check the error log. The most common problem is something like: .PP .Vb 3 \& akopia.com 3Ex5lvta:akopia.com - [01/Sep/1997:09:08:43] simple /cgi-bin/simple \& > Encryption error: \& > .Ve Also, check the ScratchDir (usually tmp/) for .err files; they will contain \s-1PGP\s0 or \s-1GPG\s0's error output. .PP Probable causes: .Ip "Interchange user \s-1ID\s0 doesn't have keyring" 4 .IX Item "Interchange user ID doesn't have keyring" You must have a .pgp or .gnupg directory in the home directory of the user running Interchange. It is also possible to set an environment variable (variously \s-1PGPPATH\s0 or \s-1GNUPGHOME\s0) to orient the program correctly. .Ip "EncryptProgram directive set wrong" 4 .IX Item "EncryptProgram directive set wrong" In Interchange 4.7.7 and above, you only need specify \*(L"gpg\*(R", \*(L"pgp\*(R", or \&\*(L"pgpe\*(R". The key is set in EncryptKey. If you don't set a value for EncryptProgram, Interchange will look for gpg first, then pgpe, then finally pgp, using the first it finds. If it can't find one of those, it is set to none and encryption can't be done. You can specify a full path to the program in the directive, but no arguments need be set. \s-1NOTE:\s0 old values in EncryptProgram will still work, just are not needed. .Sh "\s-1PGP\s0 encryption \*(-- What do I do now that it is working?" .IX Subsection "PGP encryption What do I do now that it is working?" This depends on what you do with orders once you receive them by email. Some \s-1PC\s0 mail agents (notably Eudora) will decrypt the \s-1PGP\s0 message embedded within the message text. In that case, you can simply embed the [value mv_credit_card_info] call right in the message and be done with it. .PP If your mailer will not decrypt on the fly, the best way to read the credit card number is to set up \s-1MIME\s0 encoding of the order email. To do this, find the order report you are using. In the standard demos it is pages/ord/report.html or etc/report. .PP Set up two \s-1MIME\s0 regions in that file. First, at the top of the file: .PP .Vb 2 \& [tag mime type TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII][/tag] \& [tag mime Order Text] .Ve .Vb 2 \& ORDER DATE: [calc]localtime[/calc] \& ORDER NUMBER: [value mv_order_number] .Ve .Vb 2 \& Name: [value name] \& Company: [value company] .Ve .Vb 2 \& (Rest of order text, including item list) \& [/tag] .Ve Then, at the bottom of the report.html file, put the credit card info: .PP .Vb 3 \& [if value mv_credit_card_info] \& [tag mime type application/pgp-encrypted][/tag] \& [tag mime Credit Card Information] .Ve .Vb 1 \& [value mv_credit_card_info] .Ve .Vb 2 \& [/tag] \& [/if] .Ve Once this is done, you can read mail using your \s-1PGP\s0 client as a helper application to decode the \s-1MIME\s0 attachment. This does not require a fancy setup \*(-- you can use the standard \s-1MIT\s0 \s-1PGP\s0 2.6.2 if desired. If you are using \s-1UNIX\s0, set up as the helper for the \s-1MIME\s0 type \&\fBapplication/pgp-encrypted\fR: .PP .Vb 1 \& xterm -e pgp -m %s .Ve More automated or user-friendly setups are left as an exercise for the user. .SH "How do I...." .IX Header "How do I...." .Sh "How do I get the number of items in a shopping cart?" .IX Subsection "How do I get the number of items in a shopping cart?" If it is simply the total number, extended according to quantity, you can use the [nitems] tag. If you need this number for use in an embedded Perl script, you can use: .PP .Vb 1 \& $number = $Tag->nitems(); .Ve If it is the number of line items you need, then you can use a Perl script: .PP .Vb 3 \& [perl] \& return scalar @{$Carts->{main}}; \& [/perl] .Ve (The 'main' refers to the main shopping cart.) .PP If you have SeparateItems in effect, and need the number of unique items, you could use: .PP .Vb 10 \& [perl] \& my $cart = $Carts->{main}; \& foreach my $item (@$cart) { \& @items = split /\e|/, $items; \& $count = 0; \& for (@items) { \& $count++ unless $seen{$_}++; \& } \& $count; \& [/perl] .Ve .Sh "How do I delete an item from the cart in Perl?" .IX Subsection "How do I delete an item from the cart in Perl?" (Answered by Racke) .PP .Vb 1 \& [calc] @$Items = grep {$_->{code} ne '123.456.789'} @$Items [/calc] .Ve .Sh "The demo doesn't do ... (pick one)" .IX Subsection "The demo doesn't do ... (pick one)" That is because it is a demo. It is not intended to be a finished catalog, just a starting point. .PP That being said, you should think long and hard before abandoning the checkout schema. Years of experience have led to the production of the userdb, transactions, and orderline tables, and the structure of the checkout page. Any changes to the data structure should be thoroughly tested before deployment, as obscure errors can cause major problems in order logging. .Sh "How can I trace the source of a purchase and run a partners program?" .IX Subsection "How can I trace the source of a purchase and run a partners program?" Interchange has a facility that adds a parameter called \fIsource\fR to the session database for that user. You should give your partners a source code, which must contain at least one letter character (A-Za-z only). It is placed in the sourcing \s-1URL\s0 as a query string of: .PP .Vb 1 \& mv_pc=Source1 .Ve If this is appended to the \s-1URL\s0 with which the user calls Interchange, it will then be placed in the session identifier source. .PP This \s-1URL:\s0 .PP .Vb 1 \& http://yourcatalog.com/cgi-in/yourcat/sp_offer?mv_pc=Source1 .Ve will yield Source1 from the Interchange tag [data session source]. .PP The Minivend 3 idiom ?;;Source1 continues to be supported, so existing partner sites should work without change. .Sh "How can I send an email copy of the receipt to a user?" .IX Subsection "How can I send an email copy of the receipt to a user?" There are several ways, but this is a more complex question than it may seem like it is. You will have to deal with bad email addresses, deciding which information to send, showing delivery times, etc. You also have to be very careful with credit card information. If you have not taken the proper security measures (by enabling \s-1PGP\s0 credit card encryption or using CyberCash), you might just mail them their own unencrypted credit card number! .PP This is supported in Interchange via a UserTag, [email ...]. See the \&\*(L"simple\*(R" and \*(L"basic\*(R" demos. .Sh "How do I display Euro pricing?" .IX Subsection "How do I display Euro pricing?" You can use Interchange's \s-1II8N\s0 facilty via the Locale directive. In catalog.cfg: .PP .Vb 7 \& # to define the euro-Settings (PriceDivide is for converting from DM) \&Locale eur_EUR PriceDivide 1.95583 \&Locale eur_EUR p_cs_precedes 0 \&# this is great - you can even use HTML-Tags to display an euro-image \&Locale eur_EUR currency_symbol "" \&Locale eur_EUR p_sep_by_space 2 \&Locale eur_EUR mon_decimal_point , .Ve # and the \s-1DM\s0 Locale de_DE Locale de_DE p_cs_precedes 0 Locale de_DE p_sep_by_space 2 .PP \&\fBNote: \fRBe sure to use the latest exchange rates when you establish your catalog. .PP On your pages (this is from a search results page, the [item-.... ...] notation may be different depending on your context): .PP .Vb 4 \& [item-price]
\&[setlocale eur_EUR] \& [currency convert=1][item-field price][/currency]
\&[setlocale] .Ve Any questions? Read the docs about \*(L"Internationalization.\*(R" .Sh "How do I empty the shopping cart?" .IX Subsection "How do I empty the shopping cart?" Here are three examples of ways to empty/drop/clear the shopping cart contents. .PP Empty shopping cart .PP .Vb 3 \& [calc] \& @{$Carts->{$CGI->{mv_cartname} || 'main'}} = (); \&[/calc] .Ve Empty shopping cart .PP .Vb 5 \& [set clear_basket] \& [calc] \& @{$Carts->{$CGI->{mv_cartname} || 'main'}} = (); \& [/calc] \&[/set] .Ve [button text=\*(L"Clear Basket\*(R" src=\*(L"clear_basket.gif\*(R" hidetext=1 form=basket ] mv_todo=refresh mv_click=clear_basket [/button] .PP Erase the user session (includes shopping cart) .PP .Vb 9 \& [button \& text="Clear Basket" \& src="clear_basket.gif" \& hidetext=1 \& form=basket \& ] \& mv_todo=cancel \& mv_nextpage=index \&[/button] .Ve .Sh "How do I e-mail credit card numbers in plain text?" .IX Subsection "How do I e-mail credit card numbers in plain text?" (Answered by Mike Heins) .PP The position of \s-1ICDEVGROUP\s0 is that we will not tell you what you can and cannot do, but that we simply will not help you send unencrypted \&\s-1CC\s0 numbers by email. .Sh "How do I setup multiple shipping addresses?" .IX Subsection "How do I setup multiple shipping addresses?" Interchange has the facility to handle multiple addresses. See the User Database Functions section of the Interchange Database manual. .Sh "How do I change the order number from \s-1TEST0001\s0, \s-1TEST0002\s0 to something else?" .IX Subsection "How do I change the order number from TEST0001, TEST0002 to something else?" (Answered by Aaron Hazelton & Paul Jordan) .Ip "\(bu" 4 Go to the \s-1IC\s0 admin and click on \*(L"Administration\*(R" then click on the \&'last order' which will be something like \*(L"\s-1TEST00001\s0\*(R". It will bring up a page which will allow you to change it to whatever you want. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Or, modify the CATROOT/etc/order.number .Sh "How do I move a catalog from a test server to a production server?" .IX Subsection "How do I move a catalog from a test server to a production server?" (Answered by Jonathan Clark) .PP 1) copy the complete catalog root with all files and subfolders. .PP 2) make sure the permissions are appropriate (interchange daemon user needs rw access to all of it. .PP 3) link /error.log to /var/logs/interchange/catalog/error.log or wherever. .PP 4) link catroot/images to images folder in your public html space. .PP 5) link the admin ui images folder 'interchange' in public html space to actual location. .PP 6) copy any global usertags which are not in your catalog structure. .PP 7) edit the variable.txt to set appropriate domain names if these have changed. .PP 8) if using MySQL/Postgres/Oracle, set up database access. .PP 9) put a link program in your cgi-bin, make sure it is chmod u+s and owned by the interchange daemon user. .PP 10) add the catalog to the interchange.cfg file. .PP 11) restart ic. .PP 12) check global error.log for any error messages. .Sh "How do I access the raw match count?" .IX Subsection "How do I access the raw match count?" (Answered by Kevin Walsh) .PP [value mv_search_match_count] .Sh "How do I add the thumbnail to the results page?" .IX Subsection "How do I add the thumbnail to the results page?" (Answered by Ed LaFrance & Dan Browning) .PP It's as easy as , but you may want to add a check to see if the image is actually there before you try to display it: .PP .Vb 3 \& [if file images/thumb/[item-field thumb]] \& \&[/if] .Ve For example: .PP .Vb 3 \& --- results.html.orig Sat Jun 29 21:25:49 2002 \&+++ results.html Sat Jun 29 21:28:57 2002 \&@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ .Ve .Vb 7 \& \& \&+ \& \& \& \&@@ -120,6 +121,11 @@ .Ve .Vb 10 \& \& \&+ .Ve .Sh "How do I do a random display of items?" .IX Subsection "How do I do a random display of items?" (Answered by Bill Carr) .PP If you are using mysql (and others probably), you should be able to add \*(L"\s-1ORDER\s0 \s-1BY\s0 \fIRAND()\fR\*(R" to your \s-1SQL\s0 query. For example: .PP .Vb 8 \& [query \& list=1 \& sql=|SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 3| \&] \&[list] \& [sql-param description]
\&[/list] \&[/query] .Ve .Sh "How do I setup a new real time payment processor that isn't yet supported by Interchange?" .IX Subsection "How do I setup a new real time payment processor that isn't yet supported by Interchange?" If the payment processor that you would like to use isn't supported by Interchange out of the box, then a new payment module would need to be developed for that processor before you could use them. .PP If you are up to the task of programming a new payment processor module yourself, the \s-1ICDEVGROUP\s0 would be happy to add your contribution to the growing list of Interchange-supported payment processors. Feel free to take a look at the lib/Vend/Payment directory to see examples of current payment modules. .PP If developing the module on your own isn't an option, you may engage a competent Interchange developer to do it for you or use one of the already-supported payment modules. .Sh "How do I modify orders after they are placed, change items, shipping, etc.?" .IX Subsection "How do I modify orders after they are placed, change items, shipping, etc.?" Example question: \*(L"Occasionally, I need to modify orders... Add an Item, Change shipping, etc. What is the best way or how can it be done?\*(R" .PP The Foundation template does not have this functionality \*(L"out of the box\*(R". While one can manually modify the tables via the Admin \s-1UI\s0, it would not cause \s-1IC\s0 to automatically recalculate subtotals, tax, shipping, etc. to account for the modifications. .PP Until someone gets the \*(L"itch\*(R" to program that feature into the Admin \&\s-1UI\s0, some users are solving the problem by handling all of these modifications in a Back Office / Accounting / \s-1ERP\s0 software system. For example, \s-1IC\s0 comes with \*(L"out of the box\*(R" support for integration with Quickbooks. At that point, however, it becomes necessary to analyze what (if any) syncronization will be performed between the two systems. .Sh "How do I make or get a certificate for \s-1SSL\s0?" .IX Subsection "How do I make or get a certificate for SSL?" This is handled separately and independantly from Interchange, and there are lots of documentation on buying and installing certificates for your platform and http server, as well as generating certificate signing requests (\s-1CSR\s0). Companies such as GeoTrust and Thawte sell certificates, and often have some documentation on what the process entails. The Apache, mod_ssl, and OpenSSL user groups may be of assistance as well. .PP While it is technically feasible to generate your own self-signed certificate, modern browsers will display a warning if the certificate is not signed by a signing authority known to that browser. .Sh "How do I perform multi-table \s-1SQL\s0 queries and/or joins using dot notation?" .IX Subsection "How do I perform multi-table SQL queries and/or joins using dot notation?" (Answered by Mike Heins) .PP Example question: \*(L"How come I can't use [sql-param tablename.fieldname] notation when I do a multi-table query?\*(R" .PP \&\s-1DBI\s0 simply does not support tablename.fieldname in the return value. .PP You can just refer to them by the fieldname. In the case of field names that are the same but need to be selected from different tables, you can use \*(L"\s-1SELECT\s0 orderline.quantity as o_quan,...\*(R" and refer to it as [sql-param o_quan]. .Sh "How do I modify the Save Cart and Recurring Cart feature? How do they work?" .IX Subsection "How do I modify the Save Cart and Recurring Cart feature? How do they work?" The code for these features is in templates/components/cart. The relative portion that is executed first when you call the basket page is this: .PP .Vb 25 \& [button \& text="Save This Cart" \& src="__THEME__/savecart.gif" \& extra="class=contentbar2" \& hidetext=1 \& form=basket \& mv_check="Save This Cart" \& ] \& mv_todo=return \& mv_nextpage=ord/basket \& save_cart=cart \& [/button] \& [button \& text="Set As Recurring Order" \& src="__THEME__/saverecur.gif" \& extra="class=contentbar2" \& hidetext=1 \& form=basket \& mv_check="Set As Recurring Order" \& ] \& [set save_cart]recurring[/set] \& mv_todo=return \& mv_nextpage=ord/basket \& save_cart=recurring \& [/button] .Ve This creates two buttons that set save_cart to either 'cart' or \&'recurring', then go to the ord/basket page (where you are already). When clicked, one of these two code blocks will be executed: .PP .Vb 25 \& [if value save_cart eq 'recurring'] \& \& To save this recurring order, give it a nickname, then press 'Save Cart'.
\& Nickname: \& \& \& \& \& \& \& \& \& [elsif value save_cart eq 'cart'] \& \& To save this cart, give it a nickname, then press 'Save Cart'.
\& Nickname: \& \& \& \& \& \& \& \& \& [/elsif] .Ve The \*(L"nickname\*(R" for the cart is set earlier via: .PP .Vb 3 \& [if !scratch just_nickname] \& [seti just_nickname][tag time]%b-%d-%Y[/tag][/seti] \&[/if] .Ve The real work is done because of this: \f(CW\*(C`\*(C'\fR which calls the following code after the the user clicks \*(L"Save Cart\*(R": .PP .Vb 6 \& [set Save Cart] \& mv_todo=return \& mv_nextpage=ord/basket \& save_cart=none \& [save_cart nickname="[value c_nickname]" recurring="[value c_recurring]"] \& [/set] .Ve Which in turn calls the usertag \*(L"save_cart\*(R" with a nickname parameter and a recurring parameter. Depending on which button was clicked, recurring will either be 0 (for \*(L"Save This Cart\*(R") or 1 (for \*(L"Set As Recurring Order\*(R"). The save_cart usertag adds the cart to the userdb.carts field as a Perl data structure (hashes, arrays, etc.). .SH "Errors" .IX Header "Errors" .Sh "Sorting doesn't work across multiple pages." .IX Subsection "Sorting doesn't work across multiple pages." If you are using the [sort table:field] idiom, it cannot. It sorts data present in the list only. .Sh "I am searching for a string and it is not found. I know it is there!" .IX Subsection "I am searching for a string and it is not found. I know it is there!" Set mv_substring_match to yes (su=yes in one-clicks). This most commonly happens when searching for non-ISO-8859 (Cyrillic, or characters like umlaut and eacute) characters in word-match mode. The problem is, that unless your locale is set up properly, Perl doesn't think a non-ISO-8859 and a space character is a boundary. .PP Also, if you are searching for non-alpha characters, they will also not be interpreted as word characters and the boundary problems will still exist. .SH "Performance Issues" .IX Header "Performance Issues" Interchange is not a lightweight program. If you are running it on a low-end \s-1ISP\s0, whose major selling point is low cost, you will frequently find that Interchange performance is very poor. This is due to either: .Ip "Not enough memory" 4 .IX Item "Not enough memory" If memory is low, the program will \*(L"swap\*(R" to disk. If lots of swap is used, you can expect very bad performance. This is the most common speed problem. .Sp If your \s-1ISP\s0 uses \s-1IDE\s0 hard disks, you can expect \s-1REALLY\s0 bad performance. \s-1IDE\s0 disks are very slow for multi-user machines, which should have \s-1SCSI\s0 if \s-1ANY\s0 swapping is to be done. .Ip "Too many domains" 4 .IX Item "Too many domains" If there is a huge amount of traffic on the system, then it can run at a very high \*(L"load average.\*(R" If the machine's load average is routinely above 2, you can expect problems. .Ip "Underpowered machine" 4 .IX Item "Underpowered machine" If it is an old machine, it may be too slow for Interchange. A Pentium of less than 300MHz is probably not good enough unless it is completely dedicated to Interchange. The faster the processor, the happier you will be. .Sh "Interchange runs, but it's sooo sllooowww..." .IX Subsection "Interchange runs, but it's sooo sllooowww..." This is almost certainly due to a system that has inadequate memory or network bandwidth. On a moderately fast \s-1ISP\s0 server with sufficient memory, pages should start displaying in less than 2 seconds. On a fast server, pages should start loading almost instantaneously. .Sh "Interchange slows down over time." .IX Subsection "Interchange slows down over time." There are many possible reasons for this, but most have to do with memory or session database size. .Ip "\(bu" 4 See the documentation on Interchange administration (icadmin) and learn how to expire your session database. If it is megabytes in size, accessing a key will significantly slow down the session. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Second, if your machine is memory-poor, you will find that Interchange gets swapped to disk. Unless your system is very fast, this will greatly hurt performance. Interchange works best on a machine that rarely if ever swaps to disk. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Third, this often has nothing to do with Interchange at all but has to do with your \s-1HTTP\s0 server. Any long-running daemon has the potential for a memory leak. Try stopping and starting your \s-1HTTP\s0 server and seeing what happens to performance. .Sh "I am using \s-1SQL\s0, and Interchange is slow ..." .IX Subsection "I am using SQL, and Interchange is slow ..." It isn't Interchange. First of all, did you index your '\s-1SKU\s0' or other key fields? The reason Interchange doesn't do it for you is that every \&\s-1SQL\s0 database seems to do that a bit differently. Even then, you can try Interchange's \s-1COLUMN_DEF\s0 parameter: .PP Database products \s-1COLUMN_DEF\s0 code=char(16) \s-1PRIMARY\s0 \s-1KEY\s0 .PP This will at least index the code field for MySQL. Other databases differ. .PP Interchange can return \s-1VERY\s0 fast \s-1SQL\s0 search results. But you need to at least give it something to work with. The proper method for fast selection is: .PP .Vb 1 \& [query sql="select code,category,title,price from products" ] .Ve Category: [sql-param category]<\s-1BR\s0> Title: [sql-param title] <\s-1BR\s0> Price: [sql-param price] <\s-1BR\s0> .PP [/sql] .PP This is especially powerful when you consider a joined query like: .PP .Vb 3 \& SELECT code, price, title, extended.desc \& FROM products, extended \& WHERE products.category = 'Renaissance' .Ve Note that the extended.desc field will be accessed as [sql-param desc]. Don't forget that you must index your fields if you want fast searching with them as a criteria. .SH "Using Interchange with Apache and SUEXEC" .IX Header "Using Interchange with Apache and SUEXEC" Apache with \s-1SUEXEC:\s0 \s-1VLINK/UNIX\s0 socket mode will not work well unless installed as a normal user. If supporting multiple users, the \&\s-1TLINK/INET\s0 mode must be used. .SH "A friendly reminder" .IX Header "A friendly reminder" \&\fBWhen in doubt, restart the server.\fR It won't take but a few seconds, and changes in configurable options don't take effect until it is done. You may even change a page and not see the effect until the server is restarted. .SH "Tips and tricks" .IX Header "Tips and tricks" These are slightly edited postings to the Interchange-users mail list made by Mike Heins, lead author of Interchange. .Sh "Locking down your system" .IX Subsection "Locking down your system" Interchange has lots of built-in protections to make developing your catalogs pretty care-free. But it will definitely pass you the ammo to shoot yourself in the foot, as will any templating system that has power. So you have to be careful, as you do in any scripting environment. .PP Most of the protections have to do with: .Ip "6." 4 Tags like [cgi foo], [data ...] and such are not reparsed for tags. .Ip "7." 4 The [value foo] tag never allows a left square bracket to be output. .Ip "8." 4 Safe is used for Perl, which means that arbitrary perl code which reads/writes or uses \s-1IO\s0 is not possible. .Ip "9." 4 The Interchange files don't need to be readable or writable by any other user \s-1ID\s0, so \s-1CGI/PHP\s0 programs run by the web server can't get at them. .Ip "10." 4 .IX Item "10." Dangerous operations are allowed only via global UserTag, and not by catalog UserTag. .PP But there are ways that user-entered data could end up getting parsed for tags. The most common breach is to take possibly tainted user data entered into a form and put it in a database without filtering it first. There are several ways to do that: .Ip "\(bu" 4 For user-entered form fields like name, address, etc you should always use the [value ...] tag to display them. .Ip "\(bu" 4 You can filter lists of variables automatically with .Sp .Vb 4 \& Filter name textarea_put \& Filter address textarea_put \& Filter comments textarea_put \& Filter email textarea_put .Ve in catalog.cfg. .Ip "\(bu" 4 You can prevent problems in some cases by using the data tag (i.e. [data table=foo col=bar key=\*(L"[item-param something]\*(R"]) which is not reparsed for tags as [item-data ....] is. This is not foolproof unless you control the key in some fashion \*(-- in most cases, you will use [data session username] or something you control. .Ip "\(bu" 4 You should never put user-entered data directly in a Scratch variable, which can be called with mv_click and mv_check. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Process all user-entered data before putting it in a database that could be displayed in a page later. Or process it before it is displayed. .Ip "\(bu" 4 When putting data inside a container tag, the output of which is reparsed for more tags by default, consider setting reparse=0. .PP There are other ways to nail down your system and make it more difficult to have a security problem. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Use the \s-1WRITE_CONTROL\s0 database settings. .Sp .Vb 1 \& Database products WRITE_CONTROL 1 .Ve It is the default for \s-1MV\s0 \s-1DBM\s0 databases (i.e. you have to have a [flag type=write table=foo] to write) but not for \s-1SQL\s0. .Sp The \s-1UI\s0 does the proper write flagging, so this should have no effect on it. .Sp \&\s-1AUTHORS\s0 \s-1NOTE:\s0 I should have made \s-1WRITE_CONTROL\s0 the default for \s-1SQL\s0 in \&\s-1MV4\s0, my bad. As long as \s-1MV3\s0 compatibility was as poor as it turned out to be, I should have gone for it. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Set \*(L"NoAbsolute Yes\*(R" in interchange.cfg, it prevents [file /some/dir] or [include /some/rogue/file] from being used. \s-1NOTE:\s0 This is the default starting in \s-1IC\s0 4.7.x. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Split the admin server onto a different \s-1IC\s0 iteration from your production catalog, and disable the \s-1UI\s0 for the production catalog. That allows you to set the pages/ directory to be read-only for the production server, and to put \s-1WRITE_CONTROL\s0 in the production catalog_after.cfg or etc/.after file. .Sp You could also use a different username to access the \s-1SQL\s0 data, and make the production server username have read-only access. .Sp You can use a different \s-1UID\s0 for the admin server iteration, and make all directories except products/, upload/, tmp/, session/, and logs/ read-only for the production server \s-1UID\s0. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Make as much stuff read-only as you can. Develop a script which sets things read-write while you are admin-ing, and read-only otherwise. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Always make ICDIR/*.cfg, ICDIR/bin/*, and ICDIR/lib/* read-only for the \s-1IC\s0 user. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Don't let the interchange daemon user \s-1ID\s0 have read or write permission on things it doesn't need. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Never use AllowGlobal in production if you have user-entered data going into a database. (AllowGlobal is not the default, so many people won't know what it is \*(-- see Interchange Configuration.) .PP All in all, Interchange has been proven to be securable over time. But we all have to do our part and think about what we are doing with user-entered data. .Sh "Optimizing lists" .IX Subsection "Optimizing lists" Interchange has powerful search capabilities that allow you to produce lists of items for use in category lists, product lists, indexes, and other navigation tools. .PP These are a two-edged sword, though. Lists of hundreds or thousands of entries can be returned, and techniques that work well displaying only a few items may slow to a crawl when a large list is returned. .PP In general, when you are returning one item (i.e. a flypage) or a small list (i.e. a shopping cart) you can be pretty carefree in your use of [if ...] and [calc] and [perl] tags. When there are hundreds of items, though, you cannot; each complex test or embedded Perl snippet causes the Safe module to have to evaluate code, and each \s-1ITL\s0 tag requires parsing and argument building. .PP The Safe module is pretty fast considering what it does, but it can only generate a few thousand instances per second even on a fast system. And the \s-1ITL\s0 tag parser can likewise only parse thousands of tags per \s-1CPU\s0 second. .PP What to do? You want to provide complex conditional tests but you don't want your system to slow to a crawl. Luckily, there are techniques which can speed up complex lists by orders of magnitude. .PP Benchmarking .PP A non-precise benchmark of different iteration options can be done with the following global UserTag. Place this in a file in the usertag/ directory in the Interchange root: .PP .Vb 33 \& UserTag benchmark Order start display \&UserTag benchmark AddAttr \&UserTag benchmark Routine <{verbose}; \& return "total=$current_total user=$times[0] sys=$times[1] " . \& "cuser=$times[2] csys=$times[3]"; \& } \& return; \&} \&EOR .Ve Then at the beginning of the code to check, call .PP .Vb 1 \& [benchmark start=1] .Ve to start the measurement. At the end .PP .Vb 1 \& [benchmark] .Ve will display the time used. Bear in mind that it is not precise, and that there may be variation due to system conditions. Also, the longer the times and the bigger the list, the better the comparison. .PP To see the system/user breakdown, do: .PP .Vb 1 \& [benchmark verbose=1] .Ve In general, \*(L"user\*(R" time measures Interchange processing time and and the rest are indicative of the database access overhead, which can vary widely from database to database. .PP Optimizations .Ip "\(bu" 4 [PREFIX-tag] is faster than [parsed-tag] .Sp .Vb 1 \& [loop prefix=foo search="ra=yes"] .Ve .PP .Vb 7 \& [foo-data products image] \& is slightly faster than \& [foo-field image] \& which is MUCH faster than \& [data products image [foo-code]] \& which is faster than \& [data table=products column=image key="[foo-code]"] .Ve .Vb 1 \& [/loop] .Ve The loop tags are interpreted by means of fast regular expression scans of the loop container text, and fetch an entire row of data in one query. The [data ...] \s-1ITL\s0 tag interpretation is delayed until after the loop is finished, whereby the \s-1ITL\s0 tag parser must find the tag, build a parameter list, then fetch the data with a separate query. If there are repeated references to the same field in the loop, the speedup can be 10x or more. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Pre-fetch data with rf=field1,field2,field3 and access with [PREFIX-param field1]. .PP mv_return_fields (otherwise known as \*(L"rf\*(R" in one-click terminology) sets the fields that are returned from a search. Once they are returned, they can be accessed with [PREFIX-param field]. They can also be referenced with [PREFIX-pos N], where N is a digit representing the ordinal position (i.e. starting with 0) in the list of fields. .PP The following are equivalent: .PP .Vb 4 \& Benchmark loop-field list: [benchmark start=1] \& \& TIME: [benchmark] .Ve .Vb 4 \& Benchmark loop-param list: [benchmark start=1] \& \& TIME: [benchmark] .Ve but the second is much, much faster. .Ip "\(bu" 4 [PREFIX-alternate N] is available for row counting and display. .PP A common need when building tables is to conditionally close the table row or data containers. I see a lot of: .PP .Vb 4 \& [loop search="ra=yes"] \& [calc] return '' if [loop-increment] == 1; return[/calc] \& [calc] return '' if [loop-increment] % 3; return '' [/calc] \& [/loop] .Ve Much faster, by a few orders of magnitude, is: .PP .Vb 4 \& [loop search="ra=yes"] \& [loop-change 1][condition]1[/condition][/loop-change 1] \& [loop-alternate 3][/loop-alternate] \& [/loop] .Ve .Vb 2 \& If you think you need to close the final row by checking the \& final count, look at this: .Ve .Vb 5 \& [loop search="ra=yes"] \& [on-match] \&
  ProductSK/bStock
\&+ [if file images/thumb/[item-field thumb]] \&+ \&+ [/if] \&+ \& \& [item-description] \&
\& \& [/on-match] .Ve .Vb 4 \& [list] \& \& [loop-alternate 3][/loop-alternate] \& [/list] .Ve .Vb 4 \& [on-match] \& \&
[loop-code]
\& [/on-match] .Ve .Vb 3 \& [no-match] \& No match, sorry. \& [/no-match] .Ve [/loop] .PP This is a hundred times faster than anything you can build with multiple [calc] tags. .Ip "\(bu" 4 Use simple go/nogo comparisons in [if ...] .PP Consider these two snippets: .PP .Vb 1 \& [if scratch|value|cgi key] THEN [/if] .Ve and: .PP .Vb 1 \& [if scratch|value|cgi key == '1'] THEN [/if] .Ve The first one doesn't require Perl evaluation. It simply checks to see if the value is blank or 0, and returns true if it is anything but. Of course this requires setting your test values to blank or 0 instead of \&\*(L"No\*(R" or \*(L" \*(R" or somesuch, but it is anywhere from 20\-35% faster. .PP Try it on the foundation demo: .PP .Vb 1 \& ---- begin test --- .Ve .Vb 7 \& Overhead: \& [benchmark start=1] \& \& [benchmark] \&

.Ve .Vb 12 \& if scratch compare: \& [benchmark start=1] \& .Ve .Vb 2 \& [benchmark] \&

.Ve .Vb 14 \& if scratch compare eq 1: \& [benchmark start=1] \& \& [benchmark] \&

.Ve .Vb 1 \& [page @@MV_PAGE@@]Again .Ve .Vb 1 \& ---- end test --- .Ve .Ip "\(bu" 4 Use [PREFIX-calc] instead of [calc] or [perl] .PP You can execute the same code as [calc] with [PREFIX-calc], which has two benefits: .Ip "11." 4 .IX Item "11." It doesn't require \s-1ITL\s0 parsing. .Ip "12." 4 .IX Item "12." It is executed during the loop instead of after it. .PP The [PREFIX-calc] object has complete access to all normal embedded Perl objects like \f(CW$Values\fR, \f(CW$Carts\fR, \f(CW$Tag\fR, and such. If you want to make a data table (i.e. \*(L"products\*(R" or \*(L"pricing\*(R") available for access inside of it, just do: .PP .Vb 1 \& [perl tables="products pricing"] [/perl] .Ve prior to list start. Now you can do something like: .PP .Vb 7 \& [loop search="ra=yes"] \& [loop-calc] \& $desc = $Tag->data('products', 'description', '[loop-code]'); \& $link = $Tag->page('[loop-code]'); \& return "$link $desc "; \& [/loop-calc]
\& [/loop] .Ve .Ip "\(bu" 4 \&\s-1ADVANCED:\s0 Precompile and execute with [PREFIX-sub] and [PREFIX-exec] .PP For repetitive routines, you can achieve a considerable savings in \s-1CPU\s0 by pre-compiling your embedded Perl code. .PP In the \*(L"Construct Something\*(R" demo, the \fIbar_link()\fR routine in catalog_before.cfg is an example of compiling the subroutine once at catalog configuration time. .PP You can also compile routines at the time of the list execution with [item-sub routine] \s-1CODE\s0 [/item-sub]. This means only one Safe evaluation is done \*(-- every time the [loop-exec routine] is called, it is done fast as a call to the routine. This can be 10 times or more faster than separate [calc] calls, or 5 times faster than separate [PREFIX-calc] calls. .Ip "" 4 Example: .Sp .Vb 1 \& [benchmark start=1] .Ve .PP .Vb 1 \& [benchmark] .Ve .Vb 1 \&

.Ve .Vb 11 \& [benchmark start=1] \& loop-sub and loop-exec: \& .Ve .Vb 1 \& [benchmark] .Ve .Ip "\(bu" 4 \&\s-1ADVANCED:\s0 Execute and save with [query ...], then use an embedded Perl routine. .PP You can run [query arrayref=myref sql=\*(L"query\*(R"], which saves the results of the search/query in a Perl reference. It is then available in \f(CW$Tmp\fR->{myref}. (Of course, \*(L"myref\*(R" can be any arbitrary name.) .PP This is the fastest possible method to display a list. .Ip "" 4 Observe: .Sp .Vb 1 \& --- begin test code --- .Ve .PP .Vb 5 \& [benchmark start=1] Embedded Perl \& \& [/query] .Ve .Vb 15 \& [perl] \& # Get the query results, has multiple fields \& my $ary = $Tmp->{myref}; \& my $out = ''; \& foreach $line (@$ary) { \& my ($sku, $price, $desc) = @$line; \& if($sku eq $Scratch->{waiting_for}) { \& $out .= "We were waiting for this one!!!!\en"; \& } \& $out .= "sku: $sku price: $price description: $desc\en"; \& } \& return $out; \& [/perl] \& --> \& TIME: [benchmark] .Ve .Vb 11 \& [benchmark start=1] All loop \& .Ve .Vb 1 \& TIME: [benchmark] .Ve .Vb 1 \& --- end test code --- .Ve .Ip "\(bu" 4 Other things that help: .RS 4 .Ip "\(bu" 8 Avoid interpolate=1 when possible. A separate tag parser must be spawned every time you do this. Many times people use this without needing it. .Ip "\(bu" 8 Avoid saving large values to Scratch, as these have to be written to the users session. If you need them only for the current page, clear at the end by using [tmp scratch_var] contents [/tmp], which is the same as [seti scratch_var] contents [/seti] except clears the value before the session is written. You can also use [scratchd scratch_var] to return the contents and delete them from the session at the same time. .Ip "\(bu" 8 Use the [more-list] facility to break up your large searches. You can use them in [query ....] and [loop ...] searches as well \*(-- see the docs. .RE .RS 4 .RE .SH "Using Interchange with Oracle" .IX Header "Using Interchange with Oracle" Question: should we be using the \s-1DBI\s0 ChopBlanks setting for Oracle or is Interchange trimming trailing space from \s-1CHAR\s0 fields itself? .PP \&\s-1IC\s0 daemon user should have environment variables \s-1ORACLE_HOME\s0 and possibly \s-1NLS_LANG\s0 set. .PP Mark Johnson (mark@endpoint.com) wrote this trigger on \s-1TABLE_NAME\s0 to update the \s-1MOD_TIME\s0 column on insert or update. The user must have been granted the \s-1RESOURCE\s0 role to create triggers. Here it is: .PP \&\s-1CREATE\s0 \s-1TRIGGER\s0 tr_modtime_for_TABLE_NAME \s-1BEFORE\s0 \s-1INSERT\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1UPDATE\s0 \s-1ON\s0 \&\s-1TABLE_NAME\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1EACH\s0 \s-1ROW\s0 \s-1BEGIN\s0 .PP new.MOD_TIME := \s-1SYSDATE\s0; \s-1END\s0; / .SH "Using Interchange with PostgreSQL" .IX Header "Using Interchange with PostgreSQL" Make sure you have \s-1DBD:\s0:Pg installed and tested. Make sure \&\s-1POSTGRES_INCLUDE\s0 and \s-1POSTGRES_LIB\s0 environment variables are set. .SH "Using Interchange with MySQL" .IX Header "Using Interchange with MySQL" Permissions. test_ databases usually special. .SH "Using Interchange with Apache" .IX Header "Using Interchange with Apache" Slightly modified article posted to the old minivend-users mail list. Minivend-users is now interchange-users. .PP .Vb 4 \& Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 12:08:37 -0700 \&From: Bill Randle \&To: minivend-users@minivend.com \&Subject: Re: [mv] no /cgi-bin/storename/ .Ve On Sep 6, 5:13am, Victor Nolton wrote: } Subject: [mv] no /cgi-bin/storename/ } ****** message to minivend-users from Victor Nolton ****** } } I've noticed some of the catalogs I've done are not indexed well with } the search engine, though most pages have meta tags, there is a } robot.txt file and so on and so forth.I assume it's due to the } cgi-bin in the url (not sure). } } I'd like to start having stores be like } } http://www.yourdomain.com/index.html } http://www.yourdomain.com/ord/basket.html } instead of } http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin/yourstore/index.html } http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin/yourstore/ord/basket.html } } how do you accomplish this? I assume it can be done somehow. .PP In addition to using mod_minivend, previosuly suggested, you can do this with Apache rewrite rules in the VirtualHost directive for yourdomain.com: .PP ServerAdmin support@mainhost.com DocumentRoot /home/httpd/html/yourstore ServerName www.yourdomain.com ErrorLog logs/yourdomain-error_log CustomLog logs/yourdomain-access_log common ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ \*(L"/home/httpd/cgi-bin/\*(R" RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^$ /cgi-bin/yourstore/index.html [\s-1PT\s0,L] RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/yourstore/index.html [\s-1PT\s0,L] RewriteRule ^/index\e.html$ /cgi-bin/yourstore/index.html [\s-1PT\s0,L] RewriteRule ^/cgi-bin/yourstore/.* \- [\s-1PT\s0,L] RewriteRule ^/.*images/.* \- [\s-1PT\s0,L] RewriteRule ^/(.*) /cgi-bin/yourstore/$1 [\s-1PT\s0,L] .PP I just did this for a client and it works quite well (as long as you're using a fairly recent version of Apache as your webserver). .PP .Vb 1 \& -Bill .Ve .SH "Perl/Interchange FAQ" .IX Header "Perl/Interchange FAQ" .Sh "Cameron Prince's local Perl installation how-to" .IX Subsection "Cameron Prince's local Perl installation how-to" .Ip "13." 4 .IX Item "13." Login as user. In this example, we'll call the user bob. Bob's home directory is /home/bob. .Ip "14." 4 .IX Item "14." Get the perl tarball and extract it in /home/bob. (tar \-xzvf perl-5.6.0.tar.gz) .Ip "15." 4 .IX Item "15." Create a directory for the local perl. (mkdir /home/bob/local-perl) .Ip "16." 4 .IX Item "16." Compile perl. .RS 4 .Ip "17." 8 .IX Item "17." cd perl-5.6.0 .Ip "18." 8 .IX Item "18." sh Configure .Ip "19." 8 .IX Item "19." Choose all the defaults until you get to: \*(L"Directories to use for library searches?\*(R" Here you want to enter the new local perl path, as well as the defaults. So you should enter something like: /home/bob/local-perl/lib /usr/local/lib /lib /usr/lib .Ip "20." 8 .IX Item "20." Continue choosing defaults till you get to: \*(L"Any additional ld flags (\s-1NOT\s0 including libraries)?\*(R" This should be: \-L/home/bob/local-perl/lib .Ip "21." 8 .IX Item "21." Continue choosing defaults till you get to: \*(L"Installation prefix to use? (~name ok)\*(R" This should be: /home/bob/local-perl .Ip "22." 8 .IX Item "22." Choose all defaults till you get to: \*(L"Directory /home/bob/local-perl/bin doesn't exist. Use that name anyway?\*(R" Enter y. .Ip "23." 8 .IX Item "23." Continue choosing defaults till you get to: \*(L"Do you want to install perl as /usr/bin/perl?\*(R" Enter n. .Ip "24." 8 .IX Item "24." Continue choosing defaults till you get to: \*(L"Directory /home/bob/local-perl/bin doesn't exist. Use that name anyway?\*(R" Enter y. .Ip "25." 8 .IX Item "25." Directory /home/bob/local-perl/bin doesn't exist. Use that name anyway? Enter y. .Ip "26." 8 .IX Item "26." Continue taking defaults till you return to a prompt. .Ip "27." 8 .IX Item "27." make .Ip "28." 8 .IX Item "28." make test .Ip "29." 8 .IX Item "29." make install .RE .RS 4 .RE .Ip "30." 4 .IX Item "30." /home/bob/local-perl/bin/perl \-v .Sp You should see: This is perl, v5.6.0 .Ip "31." 4 .IX Item "31." edit /home/bob/.bash_rc .Sp Change: PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin .Sp To: PATH=/home/bob/local-perl/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin .Ip "32." 4 .IX Item "32." Logout and log back in. .Ip "33." 4 .IX Item "33." which perl .Sp You should see: ~/local-perl/bin/perl or /home/bob/local-perl/bin/perl .Ip "34." 4 .IX Item "34." perl \-MCPAN \-e 'install Bundle::Interchange' .Sp Keep running this until you see: .Sp \&\s-1MD5\s0 is up to date. .PP You may need to get the modules via ftp and install them by hand. For instance, during the test used to create this document, I had to get \&\s-1URI\s0 and \s-1LWP\s0 and install by hand before everything reported that it was up to date. To do this, follow these steps: .RS 4 .Ip "35." 8 .IX Item "35." ftp ftp.cpan.org .Ip "36." 8 .IX Item "36." cd /CPAN/modules/by-module/URI .Ip "37." 8 .IX Item "37." bin .Ip "38." 8 .IX Item "38." get \s-1URI-1\s0.10.tar.gz .Ip "39." 8 .IX Item "39." quit .Ip "40." 8 .IX Item "40." tar \-xzvf \s-1URI-1\s0.10.tar.gz .Ip "41." 8 .IX Item "41." cd \s-1URI-1\s0.10 .Ip "42." 8 .IX Item "42." perl Makefile.pl .Ip "43." 8 .IX Item "43." make .Ip "44." 8 .IX Item "44." make test .Ip "45." 8 .IX Item "45." make install .RE .RS 4 .RE .PP Use the same basic steps for any module not properly installed by using perl \-MCPAN \-e 'install Bundle::Interchange' .PP Now, install Interchange as normal. .SH "Other / Miscellaneous Questions" .IX Header "Other / Miscellaneous Questions" .if n .Sh "What does the ""mv_pc"" variable added to every \s-1URL\s0 mean?" .el .Sh "What does the ``mv_pc'' variable added to every \s-1URL\s0 mean?" .IX Subsection "What does the "mv_pc variable added to every URL mean?" It can be used to prevent the users' browser from caching dynamic content, or, combined with the session 'id', it can make every link unique so that the users behind a proxy (e.g. \s-1AOL\s0) will not have dynamic content cached. .Sh "Where is process.html?" .IX Subsection "Where is process.html?" (Answered by Ed LaFrance & Kevin Walsh) .PP It is in the guts of Interchange. The [process] form action tells interchange to process the posted form vars according to the action set with mv_todo. The processing is not associated with any specific target page (though a page to display when processing is complete can be specified with mv_nextpage), so Interchange just builds a target \&\s-1URL\s0 that ends in an 'imaginary' page called 'process.html'. .PP There are other ways to handle a form post. For more information, see the Form Actions section Interchange Templates manual. .PP Basically, when you submit a

using the [process] tag, you get sent to the 'imaginary' process.html page. That page is derived from the page specified in the form's mv_nextpage \s-1CGI\s0 submission. .Sh "What \s-1PGP\s0 / \s-1GPG\s0 encryption software is available for Windows?" .IX Subsection "What PGP / GPG encryption software is available for Windows?" (Answered by Daryl Houston, Jonathan Clark, Aaron Hazelton, Mike Heins and Michael Goldfarb) .Ip "\(bu \s-1PGP\s0 for various platforms:" 4 .IX Item "PGP for various platforms:" http://www.pgpi.org/products/pgp/versions/freeware/ .Ip "\(bu WinPT (Windows Privacy Tray)" 4 .IX Item "WinPT (Windows Privacy Tray)" http://www.winpt.org .Sp A universal encrypt/decrypt program that operates generally via the clipboard so would be compatable with most programs, but there is also an Outlook Express plugin. It comes with \s-1GPG\s0 (below). .Ip "\(bu \s-1GPG\s0 Windows version" 4 .IX Item "GPG Windows version" http://www.gnupg.org/download.html .Ip "\(bu \s-1MIT\s0 distribution of \s-1PGP\s0" 4 .IX Item "MIT distribution of PGP" http://web.mit.edu/network/pgp.html .Sp Only for \s-1US\s0 and Canada for non-commercial use. There may also be an international version without those restrictions. .Sh "When are the results_big.html or results_either.html files called/used?" .IX Subsection "When are the results_big.html or results_either.html files called/used?" (Answered by Mike Heins) .PP They are just there as examples and are not used in the demo. If you don't use them, you can delete them. .PP .Vb 1 \& ________________________________________ .Ve Copyright 2002\-2004 Interchange Development Group. Copyright 2001\-2002 Red Hat, Inc. Freely redistributable under terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License.